THE+GOONIES

GOONIES
= = =CHAPTER 1: =

====**Answer:** People literate in science understand flooding, hurricanes, droughts, the spread of disease, and natural and man made disasters. This enables them to vote appropriately to help minimize harmful affects to the community. This helps benefit the general welfare of the society.====

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=__CHAPTER 2:__=

Inferring

 * Question:** What is inferring?


 * Answer:** Inferring is interpreting what we see: it leads to predictions. For example, if people are wearing coats we can infer that it is cold outside.

=__**CHAPTER 3:**__=

**Science Projects **

 * Question:** How do science projects __help__ benefit __students__?


 * Answer:** __Working__ on projects causes children to use science processes and develop thinking strategies. Most projects require much independent effort, so they are less appropriate for early elementary children who lack the skills and perseverance needed to operate independently.

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[|Science Project Resource]

=**__Life Science:__**=

How can you tell which mushrooms are poisonous?
 * Question 1: **


 * Answer:** //There are no outward characteristics that all poisonous mushrooms have in common.//To avoid mushroom poisoning, you should follow these five rules:


 * 1) Identify each and every mushroom you collect, and only eat those whose identification you are sure of. When in doubt, throw it out.
 * 2) Strictly avoid: any mushroom that __looks__ like an amanita (parasol-shaped mushrooms with white gills); all little brown mushrooms; all false morels.
 * 3) Some people are allergic to even the safest mushrooms. The first time you try a new wild mushroom, it is important that you eat only a small amount and wait 24 hours before eating more.
 * 4) As with other foods, rotting mushrooms can make you ill. Eat only firm, fresh, undecayed mushrooms.
 * 5) Most wild mushrooms should not be eaten raw or in large quantities, since they are difficult to digest.
 * ([|source]; [|more information])

In what conditions does mold grow?
 * Question 2:**

Mold can grow in humid, damp, dusty, and stagnant (or tight space) conditions. Some unfavorable conditions for mold include ventilation, and the dry outdoors.
 * Answer:** Mold needs three main necessities. They are moisture, food, and optimum temperatures (somewhere around 70-90 degrees).

[|Source] [|Activity]

What are insects?
 * Question 3:**

**Answer:** Insects are arthropods. All animals in the phylum Arthropoda have [|exoskeletons], segmented bodies, and at least three pairs of legs.



Here is a video for kindergarden or 1st grade

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Here is a video for the upper elementary grades:

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Are insects harmful or helpful to human beings?
 * Question 4: **


 * Answer: ** Insects are both harmful and helpful to human beings. They help us by pollinating our food crops, decomposing organic matter, and providing researchers with clues to medical cures. They can also be harmful to us by spreading diseases or damaging plants and structures.

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">__Science Fair__


=<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">__Current Events__ = Sarah <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Question:** Which is worse for the environment: gasoline or diesel fuel?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Answer:** Contrary to popular belief, gasoline is actually worse than diesel fuel. The exhaust fumes from gasoline vehicles contribute more to the production of air pollution than those from diesel vehicles.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 15px;">Source: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]

//**__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Current Event- Mary Kate __**// //**__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Question: __**//If a seed is frozen for years and you plant the seed, will it grow?

//**__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Answer: __**//It’s important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time. That’s because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. []

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Current Events-Megan **__

Question: Which direction does the San Andreas Fault in California lean, and in what desert does it become vertical?

Answer:

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;">In its northern reaches, the fault leans to the southwest. As it snakes to the south, the San Andreas becomes vertical in the Mojave Desert. Closer to Mexico, it dips to the northeast, cutting into Earth’s crust at an angle of 37 degrees near San Bernardino, California.

Full article and source :

[|San Andreas Fault]

Current events- Jack

What new animal was discovered in Australian waters?

The world’s first hybrid sharks were found. Scientists found 57 of these hybrid sharks along a 1300-mile stretch. The new shark is a hybrid of the distinct Australian blacktip and the common blacktip. Scientists think that this is a result of the sharks adapting to environmental changes and that the sharks might be stronger than normal sharks.

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=<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">__Physical Science: Heat Energy__ = = = Energy that makes atoms move is called Kinetic energy or the energy of motion. The faster the atoms and molecules move the hotter matter becomes, and the slower the atoms move the cooler the matter becomes. **Heat** then can be defined as //the energy of moving atoms/molecules.// _ __Conduction__ is the transfer of heat between substances that are direct contact with each other. The better the conductor, the more rapidly the heat will transfer. Good conductors are copper and silver. Bad conductors are paper and wood.
 * Chemical energy can be transformed into heat energy as the result of energy releaased during a chemical reaction.
 * Electrical energy can be transformed into heat and light energy when current flows through a light bulb in an electrical circuit.
 * Radiant or solar energy can be transformed into heat energy within a greenhouse.
 * Nuclear energy can be transformed into heat energy when atoms are split with the release of vast amounts of energy.
 * Temperature** is //the measure of heat or the motion of atoms and molecules that make up matter//. The motion of molecules determines the state of matter with very fast moving molecules staying far apart creating gas, and as they slow down and move closer together forming a liquid, and finally with very little movement into a solid phase of matter.

__Convection__ is the up and down movement of gases and liquids caused by heat transfer. As a gas of a liquid is heated, it warms, expands, and rises becuase it is less dense. When the gas or liquid cools, it becomes denser and falls. As the gas or liquid warms and rises, or cools and falls, it creates a convection current. Convection is the primary method by which heat moves through gases and liquids.

__Radiation__ is when electromagnetic waves travel through space. When electromagnetic waves come in contact wiht an object, the waves transfer the heat to that object. Electromagnetic waves travel through empty space. The sun warms the earth through the radiation of electromagnetic waves. _

BTU, or British thermal unit, is the amount of energy required to heat one lbs of water to 1 fahrenheit degree. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water through //1//o//F.// An item using one kilowatt-hour of electricity generates //3412 BTU//. A Calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1oC

1 Calorie = 0.00396566683 Btu

_

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Increasing molecular motion, or adding heat, causes most substances to expand, while decreasing molecular motion causes most substances to contract. When molecules are heated the molecules move around faster, and when the molecules are cold they move slower. This causes the object to either expand (when heated), or contract (when cold). This is something a hard concept to teach because the student has to think on the molecular level.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Buildings and bridges both expand and contract. When it is winter a bridge will contract, and in the summer the bridge will expand. The deck on a ship will also expand and contract. The amount of expansion or contraction is only a couple inches; however, engineers have to take that into account when designing buildings and bridges.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The web-site posted has numerous activities that teachers can use in the classroom to help students explore the expansion of objects due to the addition of heat. One of the many activities helps students learn that “In a closed container of any gas, there is a direct relationship between temperature and pressure; as temperature increases, so does the pressure.” (Heat:An agent of change). This is a simple activity to perform because the teacher only needs a bottle, penny, and cooking oil or water. Place a few drops of water or cooking oil on the mouth of the bottle, then place the coin on the mouth of the bottle. The water/ cooking oil will act as a seal between the penny and lip of the bottle. Hold the bottle with your hands. The warm energy from your hands will transfer into the bottle, the warm air expanded causes the coin to jump.

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Online sources:

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